25 Most Evil People of the 19th Century CE

Key Facts

Other names	Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti
Born	1740
Location	Cesena, Italy
Bloodline
Married
Children
Position	Pope (1800-1823)
Died	August 20, 1823 (aged 83)

Source of Facts and Important Announcement

Status	Under Article 64.6 of the Covenant of One-Heaven (Pactum De Singularis Caelum) by Special Qualification shall be known as a Saint, with all sins and evil acts they performed forgiven.
Date of formal Beatification	Day of Redemption UCA[E1:Y1:A1:S1:M9:D1] also known as Fri, 21 Dec 2012.
Source of Facts	Self Confession and Revelation of Sainthood by the Deceased Spirit as condition of their confirmation as a true Saint.

Background

Chiaramonti was born at Cesena, the son of count Scipione Chiaramonti; his mother, Giovanna Chiaramonti, was the daughter of the marquese Ghini.

He joined the Benedictine order in 1756 at the Abbey of S.Maria del Monte of Cesena and changed his first name to Gregorio. He then became a teacher at Benedictine colleges in Parma and Rome. His career became a series of promotions following the election of a family friend, Giovanni Angelo Braschi, as Pope Pius VI (1775–99). In 1776 Pius VI appointed the 34-year old Barnaba, who had been teaching at the monastery of S. Anselmo in Rome, honorary abbot in commendam of his monastery.

After making him bishop of Tivoli, near Rome, Pius VI made him a cardinal and Bishop of Imola in February 1785.

Following the death of Pius VI, virtually France's prisoner, at Valence in August 1799, the conclave met on November 30, 1799 in the Benedictine monastery of San Giorgio, Venice. There were three main candidates, two of whom proved to be unacceptable to the Habsburgs, whose candidate, Alessandro Cardinal Mattei, could not secure sufficient votes. After several months of stalemate, Chiaramonti was elected as a compromise candidate.

One of Pius VII's first acts was to appoint Ercole Consalvi, who had acted as secretary to the recent conclave, to the college of cardinals and to the office of secretary of state.

In this capacity Cardinal Ercole Consalvi negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with Napoleon, which reaffirmed the Roman Catholic Church as the established church of France and restored some of its civil status.

However, Pope Pius VII steadfastly refused to reinstate the Jesuit order. Napoleon then proceeded to Invade Italy and capture the Papal states in 1808. The Pope himself was captured Castel Sant'Angelo and removed from Rome a prisoner in 1809.

As it became clear that Napoleon was no longer capable of being influenced and his grip on power would be short lived, General Brzozowski sent word in 1813 to the imprisoned Pope Pius VII offering a truce between the war between the Jesuits and the Papacy if he restore the Order. Pius VII agreed and General Brzozowski set about ensuring the support of a broad coalition against Napoleon with both the Jesuit and Papal blessing.

At the Congress of Vienna (Nov 1, 1814 to June 8, 1815) The Papal States were restored as promised.

After the fall of Napoleon, Cardinal Ercole Consalvi represented the Pope at the Congress of Vienna and thanks to the Jesuits was able to convince the victorious powers to restore the Papal States almost entirely (although the Papacy had been forced to accept the French annexation of Avignon).

On August 7, 1814, almost exactly forty-one years to the day since Clement XIV suppressed the Society, Pius VII sought peace with the Jesuits and celebrated mass in the Church of the Gesú, and formally promulgated the bull of restoration, Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum.

In October of 1822, Pope Pius VII called a secret meeting with the Kings of Russia, Prussia and Austria and entered into a Holy Alliance known as the Treaty of Verona.

The treaty was dedicated to the eradication of Europe's representative governments and the re-establishment of absolute monarchies. It also purposed to suppress the media (the press) and to use religion to "keep the nations in the state of passive obedience". The document, signed on September 26th,1822, also expressed " their thanks to the Pope for what he has already done for them, and solicit his constant co-operation in their views of submitting the nations."

It was because of this Treaty that President Monroe of the United States issued his warning that any action of the Catholic Church in America to promote the Holy Alliance would be considered an act of war, issuing the famous Monroe Doctrine.

Pope Pius VII died on August 20, 1823. He was succeeded by Pope Leo XII (1823–29).

Most Evil Crimes

List of most evil crimes

Type	Year	Crime
		Of crimes against humanity: (1814) That Pope Pius VII did order Ferdinand VII to restore the Spanish Inquisition, involving state sanctioned torture and murder after it was suppressed by Napoleon. That it is eventually closed down again in 1834.
		Of publishing false statements in the form of indulgences for the purpose of profit: (1800 – 1823 ) That Pope Pius VIII did institute a historically false and heretical set of statements by claiming the freedom of the souls of the dead could be purchased upon payment of tribute to the Roman Catholic Church. Furthermore, that Pope Pius VIII did invent the system of Stations of the Cross whereby money would be extracted by faithful at each icon during their prayers in exchange for indulgences and plenaries for the souls of the dead.


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