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Key Facts |
| Other names |
William Henry of Orange |
| Born |
1650 |
| Location |
Binnenhof, The Hague |
| Bloodline |
House of Orange-Nassau |
| Married |
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| Children |
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| Position |
King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1689-1702) |
| Died |
8 March 1702 (aged 51) |
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Source of Facts and Important Announcement |
| Status |
Under Article 64.6 of the Covenant of One-Heaven (Pactum De Singularis Caelum) by Special Qualification shall be known as a Saint, with all sins and evil acts they performed forgiven. |
| Date of formal Beatification |
Day of Redemption UCA[E1:Y1:A1:S1:M9:D1] also known as Fri, 21 Dec 2012. |
| Source of Facts |
Self Confession and Revelation of Sainthood by the Deceased Spirit as condition of their confirmation as a true Saint. |
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Background |
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Born a member of the House of Orange-Nassau, William III won the English, Scottish and Irish Crowns following the Glorious Revolution, during which his uncle and father-in-law, James II, was deposed. In England, Scotland and Ireland, William ruled jointly with his wife, Mary II, until her death on 28 December 1694. He reigned as 'William II' in Scotland, but 'William III' in all his other realms. Often he is referred to as William of Orange, a name he shared with many other historical figures. |
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A Protestant, William participated in many wars against the powerful Catholic King Louis XIV of France. |
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In November 1670, William obtained permission to travel to England to urge Charles to pay back at least a part of the 2,797,859 guilder debt the House of Stuart owed the House of Orange.[27] Charles was unable to pay, but William agreed to reduce the amount owed to 1,800,000 guilder. |
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1672 proved calamitous, becoming known as the "disaster year" due to the Franco-Dutch War in which the Netherlands were invaded by France, under Louis XIV, who was allied to England, Münster, and Cologne. Although the Anglo-French fleet was disabled by the Battle of Solebay, in June the French army quickly overran Gelderland and Utrecht. William on 14 June withdrew with the remnants of his field army into Holland. |
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William III continued to fight against the invaders from England and France, allying himself with Spain and Brandenburg. In November 1672 he took his army to Maastricht to threaten the French supply lines. By 1673, the situation further improved. Although Louis took Maastricht and an William's attack against Charleroi failed, Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter defeated the Anglo-French fleet three times, forcing Charles to end England's involvement by the Treaty of Westminster; after 1673, France slowly withdrew from Dutch territory (with the exception of Maastricht,) while making gains elsewhere. |
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During the 1690s rumours of William's homosexual inclinations grew and led to the publication of many satirical pamphlets. He had several male favourites, including two Dutch courtiers to whom he granted English dignities: Hans Willem Bentinck became Earl of Portland, and Arnold Joost van Keppel was created Earl of Albemarle. |
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In 1685, when James II ascended, William at first attempted conciliatory approach, whilst at the same time trying not to offend the Protestants in England. William hoped James would join the League of Augsburg, but by 1687 it became clear that James would not join the anti-French alliance. Relations worsened between William and James thereafter. In November, James's wife Mary of Modena was announced to be pregnant.That month, to gain the favour of English Protestants, William wrote open letter to the English people in which he disapproved of James's religious policies. Seeing him as a friend, and often having maintained secret contacts with him for years, many English politicians began to negotiate an armed invasion of England. |
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On 13 February 1689, Parliament passed the Declaration of Right, in which it deemed that James, by attempting to flee, had abdicated the government of the realm, thereby leaving the Throne vacant. The Crown was not offered to James's eldest son, James Francis Edward (who would have been the heir-apparent under normal circumstances), but to William and Mary as joint Sovereigns. It was, however, provided that "the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in and executed by the said Prince of Orange in the names of the said Prince and Princess during their joint lives". |
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The Spanish inheritance was not the only one which concerned William. His marriage with Mary II had not yielded any children, and he did not seem likely to remarry. Mary's sister, the Princess Anne, had borne numerous children, all of whom died during childhood. The death of William, Duke of Gloucester in 1700 left the Princess Anne as the only individual left in the line of succession established by the Bill of Rights. |
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As the complete exhaustion of the line of succession would have encouraged a restoration of James II's line, Parliament saw fit to pass the Act of Settlement 1701, in which it was provided that the Crown would be inherited by a distant relative, Sophia, Electress of Hanover and her Protestant heirs if Princess Anne died without surviving issue, and if William III failed to have surviving issue by any subsequent marriage. (Several Catholics with genealogically senior claims to Sophia were omitted.) The Act extended to England and Ireland, but not to Scotland, whose Estates had not been consulted before the selection of Sophia. |
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Most Evil Crimes |
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List of most evil crimes |
| Type |
Year |
Crime |
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Of establishing an unlawful enterprise for the purpose of crime: (1701 to present) That On June 16, 1701 King William III issue a charter forming an organisation known as Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, also known as SPG, also known as “Society”, now known as The United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, also now known as USPG. That this organisation was established for the purpose of criminal enterprise, specifically, the unlawful kidnap, detainment, transport and sale of individuals for the purpose of international slavery. That this organisation did become one of the largest and most infamous slave trading enterprises in human history, including the deliberate “branding” of human beings with the word “society” to denote them as the property of SPG, that slaves were literally worked to death on the plantations of the Anglican Church and SPG and that little to no care was taken for their well being, safety, nor spiritual education. |
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Of murder (1704) Scottish woman Beatrix Laing, of Fife, dies of ill-treatment after being pricked and imprisoned in darkness for 5 months then undergoing sleep deprivation for 5 days after being accused of witchcraft. |
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Of murder (1704) Scottish man Thomas Brown, of Fife, dies of starvation while in prison after being accused of witchcraft and plotting to strangle one Alexander Macgregor. |
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Of murder (1705) Scottish woman Joan Cornfoot is beaten then pressed to death by angry mob after being accused of witchcraft at Pittenweem, Fife. |
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Of murder (1705) Mary Philips English peasants Mary Philips and Elinor Shaw are hanged at Northampton after being tried for witchcraft based on village rumours. |
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Death and Legacy |
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