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Key Facts |
| Location |
35° 36' N, 35° 47′ E |
| Original Name |
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| Year Founded |
3200 BCE |
| Founders |
King of Ebla |
| Location Function |
Main port of Ebla |
| Etymology |
Unknown |
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Ugarit was an ancient cosmopolitan port city, sited on the Syrian Mediterranean coast. It is the birthplace of the Phoenician culture, the birthplace of the Phoentic language (and core concepts) that underpin all modern European languages today. It is a city that continues to have a profound impact on the world we live in today. |
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The Port of the Great City of Ebla |
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Ugarit as a site has been inhabited since before Neolithic times. However, the birth of the city probably corresponded to the increased importance in sea trade from the Mediterranean for the great ancient city of Ebla to the north-east. |
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By 2500 BCE, Ebla was the center of the world with a population of over 250,000 -- a figure not matched for 2, 500 years until Rome. All the gold, copper and tin from Ireland would have passed through the port of Ugarit, along with the substantial export trade of fine goods from Ebla to the rest of the world. |
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In 2240 BCE Sargon the Great the Akkadian conquered Ebla and the royal court and priests escaped to Ugarit, implying the city was substantial enough by this date to have its own defensive walls. While King Ibbi and his immediate family left Ugarit to Ireland, it is probable that the rest of the lower priests and court remained at Ugarit --supported by the rise of the 1st kings of Ugarit after this time. |
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The return of the Hibiru |
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Around 1790 BCE, Ugarit fell to the arrival of the massive fleet of the "Hibiru" from Ireland reclaiming their lost lands. One of the new weapons they introduced in their campaign to defeat the Ammuru (Anmorite) King Shamshi-Adad and reclaim the region were chariots. |
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Sedimentary and archeological evidence suggests Ugarit was damaged in the massive earthquakes and tsunami that swept the Mediterranean following the explosion of the volanic Island of Thera (Santorini) around 1627 BCE. |
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The city changed hands again in 1323 BCE, when Pharaoh Akhenaten with his exiled Army and plague survivors (having the CCR5 defect) launched an attack of Ugarit, capturing the city from King Ammurapi III. |
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In a decision that was to have fundamental consequences in shaping the course of history, Akhenaten chose not to execute King Ammurapi III and his Queen Tharyelli, nor the High Priests of Ba'al Hammon. Instead he forced them into exile. |
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The revenge of the Ramesses |
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In 1290, Crown Prince Seti and twenty thousand soldiers attacked and captured Ugarit, burning and destroying it to the ground. Presumably the attacked was motivated in part in seeking out the treasures of Akhenated as well as revenge against the Hyksos kings. |
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The city was partially rebuilt under the great Assyrian leader Shulmanu (or Shalmaneser) --known in history as King Solomon from 1274 BCE. |
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Ugarit once again was destroyed under the Phrygians from around 1090 BCE that took over from the Hittites. |
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Decline of Ugarit |
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The city fell into decline from the time of Macedonian conquests of the region in the 4th Century, indicating it had been destroyed for the last time. |
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